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An established political structure

Canada's parliamentary system


Canada is a democracy, a constitutional monarchy. Canada is also a federal state, with 10 largely self-governing provinces and three territories administered by the central government. The federal government is responsible for matters that concern Canada as a whole, such as interprovincial and international trade, national defence, criminal law, the banking and monetary systems, and the fisheries.

The provinces and territories are responsible for matters such as education, property and the administration of justice, hospitals and municipalities. Municipalities, which are created under provincial laws, can make by-laws to deal with local matters.

  • Canada has a multi-party democratic system in which a new government is elected every 4-5 years.

  • 4 major parties: Liberal; Conservative; Bloc Québécois; and New Democratic Party.

  • The present government, under the Conservative party, was elected in January 2006 and has a minority government in Parliament.

  • The Prime Minister is chosen from the party that obtains the largest number of elected seats, and the cabinet is usually chosen from the ruling party.

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